Congenital heart disease (CHD) refers to a range of heart defects that are present at birth. These defects can affect the structure of the heart, how it works, or both. CHD is one of the most common types of birth defects, and it can involve the heart’s walls, valves, or blood vessels. Some children may have mild defects that require little or no treatment, while others may need more intensive medical intervention.
The symptoms of congenital heart disease can vary based on the type and severity of the defect. Common signs to watch for include:
Increased breathing rate or difficulty breathing
A bluish color of the skin, especially around the lips and fingertips, indicating low oxygen levels.
Difficulty feeding, which may lead to poor weight gain
Unusual tiredness or lethargy, even with minimal activity
An unusual sound heard during a heartbeat, often detected by a doctor.
The exact cause of congenital heart disease often remains unknown, but several factors can contribute, including:
Congenital heart disease is quite common, affecting about 1 in 100 to 1 in 200 newborns. It’s one of the most prevalent types of birth defects.
While not all cases can be prevented, there are steps to reduce risk, such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy, managing chronic conditions, and avoiding harmful substances.
Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, followed by imaging tests such as echocardiograms, EKGs, or chest X-rays. Genetic testing may also be recommended in some cases.
Some mild forms of congenital heart disease can improve or resolve as a child grows. However, many conditions require ongoing management throughout life.
Supporting your child involves understanding their condition, attending regular medical appointments, and creating a nurturing environment that encourages their development.
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